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Unambiguous Identification and Visualization of an Acoustically Active Catheter by Ultrasound Imaging in Real Time: Theory, Algorithm, and Phantom Experiments
To enable better intracardiac guidance and visualization, a prototype of an acoustically active catheter with a piezoelectric element on its distal end is used. The unique symmetric Doppler shifts from the piezoelectric element are detected by the proposed algorithm and the distal end is visualized with a unique color (yellow) in real-time (22- 50 Hz). The algorithm is robust to interference from blood flow with a localization range of few millimeters.
